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India traffic law report

Source agencyMinistry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH)

Last updatedFebruary 12, 2026

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Key findings

Theory test pass rate is 55% (2023, MoRTH Annual Report)
Road fatalities: 172,890 deaths in 2023 — Highest ever recorded; up 2.6% from 2022
15 million tests administered per year by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
Most challenging topic: Road Signs (30% fail rate)

Quick facts

Theory test format15-20 questions, multiple choice, varies by state

License typesLLR (Learner), DL (Permanent), International

License validityUnder 30: until age 40; 30-50: 10 years; 50-55: until 60; over 55: 5 years

Driving sideLeft-hand traffic

Learner periodMinimum 30 days with LLR before DL test

Mandatory documentsRC, Insurance, PUC certificate, DL

Test statistics

Pass rate65% or higher50–64%Below 50%

Theory test pass rate

55%MoRTH Annual Report (2023)

Practical test pass rate

50%MoRTH Annual Report (2023)

Tests administered per year

15 millionMoRTH (2023)

Speed limits

Urban50-70 km/h

Rural / national roads60-80 km/h

Motorway / highway100-120 km/h

Most challenging topics

1. Road Signs
30% fail rate
Diverse signage system including bilingual signs
2. Traffic Rules
28% fail rate
Right-of-way and lane discipline regulations
3. Vehicle Knowledge
24% fail rate
Vehicle maintenance and safety equipment
4. Speed Regulations
22% fail rate
Speed limits by vehicle type and road category
5. First Aid
20% fail rate
Accident scene procedures and Good Samaritan law

Road safety

Road fatalities172,890 deathsMoRTH Road Accidents in India Report (2023)

TrendHighest ever recorded; up 2.6% from 2022

Penalties & fines

Speeding: INR 1,000-2,000 fine (first offense), INR 2,000-4,000 (repeat)
Driving under influence: INR 10,000 fine and/or imprisonment up to 6 months (first offense)
Points system: No national points system; license suspension for serious violations
Mobile phone use: INR 1,000-5,000 fine and/or 6-12 months imprisonment (Motor Vehicles Amendment Act 2019)

Recent law changes

2024
Driving tests now available at authorized private driving schools (no longer mandatory at RTOs only)
2018
National Highway speed limit set at 120 km/h on select expressways by MoRTH
2023
BH-series (Bharat) vehicle registration for pan-India transferability expanded

Sources & methodology

All statistics in this report are sourced from official government agencies and publicly available data. AutoviaTest is an independent educational platform and is not affiliated with any government testing agency.

Data last verified: 2026-02-12

Primary sources

Test statistics · 2023MoRTH Annual Report Road safety data · 2023MoRTH Road Accidents in India Report Official regulatory bodyMinistry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH)

Cite this report

AutoviaTest. (2026, February 12). India traffic law report: Driving test statistics. https://autoviatest.com/en/traffic-law-reports/india

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India Driving Stats

Theory pass rate55%Practical pass rate50%Motorway speed limit100-120 km/hRoad fatalities (2023)172,890 deaths

Source: AutoviaTest | CC BY 4.0

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