LAutoviaTest
QuizLessonsHazard PerceptionHow It WorksPricingBlog
Sign InGet Started Free
Key FindingsRoad Safety DataTheory Test FormatLicence ProcessFeesLicence CategoriesSpeed LimitsTraffic FinesImportant RulesRoad HazardsStates & DETRANEmergency NumbersMisconceptionsRecent ChangesGlobal ComparisonFAQSources
🇧🇷Complete Guide 2026Updated March 2026

Brazilian Driving Licence 2026
The Complete Guide

Everything you need to know about getting your CNH in Brazil — DETRAN theory test format (30 questions, 21 to pass, 70%), autoescola training costs R$1,500–3,000, Lei Seca zero BAC tolerance, speed limits, points system, and driving across 26 states + DF.

27
States + DF
30
Test Questions
~33,000
Road Deaths (2023)
0.00%
BAC Limit (Lei Seca)
26 States + DFFee BreakdownSpeed LimitsTraffic FinesLicence Categories
Copy

~33,000

Road deaths in Brazil (2023)

Down from 46,000+ in 2012 — still among the world’s highest totals

Copy

0.00%

Blood alcohol limit — Lei Seca (zero tolerance)

Any detectable alcohol results in fines starting at R$2,934.70

Copy

R$1,500–3,000

Autoescola (driving school) total cost

Includes theory course, practical lessons, and exam fees

Click any card to copy the stat with source attribution

Download Infographic

Key Findings

Theory TestCONTRAN / DETRAN

30 multiple-choice questions drawn from an official question bank, covering traffic legislation, defensive driving, first aid, environment, and mechanics. Must score at least 21/30 (70%) to pass. Computer-based test administered at DETRAN offices across all 26 states and DF.

Total CostDETRAN / Market rates

Total CNH cost typically R$1,500–3,000 including autoescola enrolment (R$800–1,500), medical exam (R$100–250), psychological exam (R$100–250), DETRAN theory exam fee (R$80–200), practical exam fee (R$100–300), and licence issuance (R$80–200). Varies significantly by state.

Road DeathsDATASUS / WHO

Approximately 33,000 fatalities in 2023, down from 46,000+ at the peak in 2012. Motorcyclists account for ~33% and pedestrians ~20% of all deaths. Brazil has the 3rd highest road death toll globally after India and China.

Lei Seca (Zero BAC)CTB / Lei 12.760/2012

Zero tolerance (0.00% BAC) since 2012 under the Lei Seca (Dry Law). Any detectable alcohol: R$2,934.70 fine + 12-month licence suspension. BAC ≥0.06% (or refusal to test): criminal charge with 6–36 months detention + licence suspension. Over 750,000 drivers caught since implementation.

Points SystemCTB Art. 261 / Lei 14.071/2020

Drivers accumulate points for infractions: light (3 pts), medium (4 pts), serious (5 pts), very serious (7 pts). Thresholds: 20 points (general), 30 points (professional), or 40 points (no very serious infractions) within 12 months triggers licence suspension. Points reset annually.

Global ContextWHO / CONTRAN

Brazil’s road death rate (~15.4/100K) is well above the global average. Zero BAC policy is among the strictest globally. CNH cost (~$300–600 USD) is moderate by world standards. The 2020 reform (Lei 14.071) raised point thresholds and extended licence validity to 10 years for drivers under 50.

Brazil Road Safety: 3-Year Trend (2021–2023)

Brazil’s road fatalities have declined significantly from their 2012 peak of over 46,000 deaths, driven by the Lei Seca enforcement, improved vehicle safety standards, and the Programa Vida no Trânsito. However, at ~33,000 deaths annually, Brazil still ranks among the top 5 countries globally for road fatalities. Motorcycle deaths have been rising as a proportion of total deaths.

2021
33.813
2022
33.400
2023
33.000

Deaths per 100,000 Population

🇧🇷Brazil
15.4
🇲🇽Mexico
12.5
🇦🇷Argentina
12.4
🇺🇸USA
12.2
🇵🇹Portugal
5.6

Source: WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety, DATASUS / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Per-capita rates are estimates and may vary by methodology.

Table of Contents

Road Safety DataTheory Test FormatLicence ProcessFeesLicence CategoriesSpeed LimitsTraffic FinesImportant RulesRoad HazardsStates & DETRANEmergency NumbersMisconceptionsRecent ChangesGlobal ComparisonFAQSourcesCite This Page
CNH Theory Exam

Brazilian Theory Test Format#

Computer-based theory test administered at DETRAN offices across all 26 states and the Federal District

The Brazilian driving theory test (prova teórica) consists of 30 multiple-choice questions to be completed in a timed session. To pass, candidates must answer at least 21 of 30 correctly (70%). The questions cover five mandatory topics: traffic legislation (CTB), defensive driving (direção defensiva), first aid (primeiros socorros), environment and citizenship (meio ambiente e cidadania), and basic vehicle mechanics (mecânica básica). The test is administered at DETRAN offices in all 26 states and the Federal District, with some states offering online scheduling. After passing the theory, candidates proceed to the practical driving test (prova prática).

Questions

30 MCQs

From official question bank

Duration

~40 Min

Timed session

Pass Mark

21/30

70% minimum

Test Fee

R$80–200

Varies by state DETRAN

What the Theory Test Covers

Traffic Legislation (CTB)
  • Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (Brazilian Traffic Code)
  • Traffic signs, signals & road markings
  • Right-of-way rules at intersections
  • Speed limits by road type
  • Penalties and infraction categories
Defensive Driving & Safety
  • Defensive driving techniques (direção defensiva)
  • First aid basics (primeiros socorros)
  • Emergency procedures at accident scenes
  • Seatbelt and child restraint requirements
  • Safe following distances and overtaking
Environment & Mechanics
  • Environmental impact of vehicles
  • Fuel efficiency and emissions
  • Basic vehicle maintenance and mechanics
  • Tyre condition and brake systems
  • Pre-departure vehicle checks
DETRAN Official PortalPractice Theory Questions Free
Step by Step

How to Get Your Brazilian CNH#

From autoescola to CNH — the complete process

1

Enrol at an Autoescola

Register at a DETRAN-accredited driving school (autoescola / centro de formação de condutores — CFC)

The autoescola provides mandatory theory classes (45 hours minimum) and practical driving lessons (20 hours minimum for category B). Cost: R$800–1,500 for the full package.

2

Medical & Psychological Exams

Pass mandatory medical (exame médico) and psychological (exame psicológico) evaluations

Conducted by DETRAN-accredited clinics. Medical: vision, general health. Psychological: aptitude assessment. Cost: R$100–250 each. Required before taking the theory test.

3

Complete Theory Course (45h)

Attend all required theory classes at the autoescola

45 hours covering: traffic legislation (18h), defensive driving (16h), first aid (4h), environment (4h), mechanics (3h). Some states allow EAD (online) for part of the theory.

4

Pass the Theory Test

Take the computer-based theory exam at DETRAN

30 questions, need 21/30 correct (70%). Covers all five mandatory topics. Fee: R$80–200 depending on state. Can retake if failed.

5

Complete Practical Lessons (20h+)

Take at least 20 hours of practical driving lessons at the autoescola

Minimum 20 hours for category B. Includes 5 hours of night driving. Must be completed at a DETRAN-accredited CFC with a dual-control vehicle.

6

Pass the Practical Test

Complete the practical driving exam (prova prática) at a DETRAN test route

Tested on: starting on a hill, parallel parking, three-point turn, lane changes, and real traffic driving. Exam fee: R$100–300 depending on state.

7

Receive PPD, then CNH

Get your Provisional Driving Permit (PPD), and after 1 year receive your definitive CNH

PPD is valid for 1 year. If no serious/very serious infractions during PPD period, you receive the definitive CNH. Issuance fee: R$80–200.

Cost Breakdown

Brazilian CNH Fees#

Total cost typically R$1,500–3,000 — varies significantly by state and autoescola

Autoescola enrolment & training (theory + practical)R$800–1,500
Medical exam (exame médico)R$100–250
Psychological exam (exame psicológico)R$100–250
DETRAN theory exam feeR$80–200
DETRAN practical exam feeR$100–300
CNH issuance feeR$80–200
Additional practical lessons (if needed)R$50–100/hour
Total Typical (Category B)R$1,500–3,000

Prices vary significantly between states. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro tend to be more expensive. DETRAN fees are set by each state. Retake fees apply for failed exams. Some autoescolas offer package deals including all exams and fees.

Categories

Licence Categories & Minimum Age

ACC — Autorização para Conduzir Ciclomotor (mopeds up to 50cc)

Separate authorization, not a CNH category

18

years

A — Motorcycles, trikes, and motor scooters

18

years

B — Cars up to 8 passengers, trucks under 3,500 kg

Most common category

18

years

C — Trucks and cargo vehicles over 3,500 kg

Requires 1 year with cat. B

21

years

D — Buses and minibuses (8+ passengers)

Requires 2 years with cat. B or 1 year with cat. C

21

years

E — Articulated vehicles, trailers, truck-trailer combos

Requires 1 year with cat. C or D

21

years

CNH Validity Periods

Under 50 years old

Extended from 5 years by Lei 14.071/2020

10 years
50–69 years old

Standard renewal period

5 years
70 years and older

Medical exam required at each renewal

3 years
Professional drivers (remunerated)

Regardless of age, if engaged in paid driving

5 years

Points System (Sistema de Pontuação)

  • Light infraction (infração leve): 3 points
  • Medium infraction (infração média): 4 points
  • Serious infraction (infração grave): 5 points
  • Very serious infraction (infração gravíssima): 7 points
  • Thresholds: 20 pts (general) / 30 pts (professional) / 40 pts (no gravíssima) → licence suspended

PPD (Provisional Driving Permit)

  • PPD valid for 1 year after passing all exams
  • Zero tolerance: any serious/very serious infraction = PPD cancelled
  • Must not commit a repeat infraction (even light/medium)
  • After clean PPD period, receive definitive CNH
  • If PPD cancelled, must restart the entire licensing process
Speed Limits

Speed Limits in Brazil#

As per Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB) Art. 61 — all speeds in km/h

Brazil’s speed limits are set by the CTB and apply nationally, though local authorities may post different limits. In urban areas (vias urbanas), the default limit for local roads is 30 km/h, collector roads 40 km/h, arterial roads 60 km/h, and expressways (vias de trânsito rápido) 80 km/h. On rural highways (rodovias), the default for single carriageways is 60 km/h for cars and 80–100 km/h depending on the road. Divided highways (rodovias de pista dupla) allow up to 110 km/h for cars. Speed enforcement via fixed and mobile radar (radar de velocidade) is widespread.

Speed limits in Brazil by road type, in km/h. Source: CTB Art. 61.
Road TypeCars / Light VehiclesMotorcyclesTrucks / BusesNote
Urban — local road (via local)303030Residential/local streets
Urban — arterial (via arterial)606060Major city roads
Urban — expressway (via rápida)808080Urban motorways
Rural — single carriageway (pista simples)80–10080–10060–80Undivided highways
Rural — dual carriageway (pista dupla)11011080–90Divided highways

Urban — local road (via local)

30

Cars

30

Motos

30

Heavy

Residential/local streets

Urban — arterial (via arterial)

60

Cars

60

Motos

60

Heavy

Major city roads

Urban — expressway (via rápida)

80

Cars

80

Motos

80

Heavy

Urban motorways

Rural — single carriageway (pista simples)

80–100

Cars

80–100

Motos

60–80

Heavy

Undivided highways

Rural — dual carriageway (pista dupla)

110

Cars

110

Motos

80–90

Heavy

Divided highways

Speed limits shown are CTB defaults. Local traffic authorities (DETRAN / órgão de trânsito) may post different limits. Speed radar enforcement is widespread. Speeding fines start at R$130.16 (up to 20% over limit) and reach R$880.41 (50%+ over limit, very serious infraction with licence suspension).

CTB Fines

Traffic Fines & Penalties#

As per Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB) — fines updated to current values

Brazilian traffic fines are categorized by severity: light (leve, R$88.38), medium (média, R$130.16), serious (grave, R$195.23), and very serious (gravíssima, R$293.47). Some very serious infractions carry multiplying factors (2x, 3x, 5x, 10x, or even 20x). The Lei Seca zero-alcohol violation carries a R$2,934.70 fine (10x gravíssima). Speeding over 50% above the limit is R$880.41 (3x gravíssima) with licence suspension. All fines are adjusted annually.

Traffic fines in Brazil under the CTB. Amounts in Brazilian Reais (R$).
ViolationFine (R$)SeverityPoints
Drunk driving (Lei Seca — any BAC)R$2,934.70Gravíssima 10xSuspended
Running red lightR$293.47Gravíssima7
Speeding 20–50% over limitR$195.23Grave5
Speeding >50% over limitR$880.41Gravíssima 3x7 + Suspended
Using phone while drivingR$293.47Gravíssima7
Not wearing seatbeltR$195.23Grave5
Driving without CNHR$880.41Gravíssima 3x—
Overtaking on continuous lineR$293.47Gravíssima7
Child without proper restraintR$293.47Gravíssima7
No headlights on rodoviaR$130.16Média4
Parking in disabled spot without permitR$293.47Gravíssima7
Refusing alcohol test (Lei Seca)R$2,934.70Gravíssima 10xSuspended

Drunk driving (Lei Seca — any BAC)

Fine (R$): R$2,934.70
Severity: Gravíssima 10x

Points: Suspended

Running red light

Fine (R$): R$293.47
Severity: Gravíssima

Points: 7

Speeding 20–50% over limit

Fine (R$): R$195.23
Severity: Grave

Points: 5

Speeding >50% over limit

Fine (R$): R$880.41
Severity: Gravíssima 3x

Points: 7 + Suspended

Using phone while driving

Fine (R$): R$293.47
Severity: Gravíssima

Points: 7

Not wearing seatbelt

Fine (R$): R$195.23
Severity: Grave

Points: 5

Driving without CNH

Fine (R$): R$880.41
Severity: Gravíssima 3x

Points: —

Overtaking on continuous line

Fine (R$): R$293.47
Severity: Gravíssima

Points: 7

Child without proper restraint

Fine (R$): R$293.47
Severity: Gravíssima

Points: 7

No headlights on rodovia

Fine (R$): R$130.16
Severity: Média

Points: 4

Parking in disabled spot without permit

Fine (R$): R$293.47
Severity: Gravíssima

Points: 7

Refusing alcohol test (Lei Seca)

Fine (R$): R$2,934.70
Severity: Gravíssima 10x

Points: Suspended

Fines shown are base values from the CTB, adjusted annually. Multiplying factors apply for certain very serious infractions. Lei Seca violations also result in 12-month licence suspension. Professional drivers face additional penalties. Fines double if committed in school zones.

Know These Rules Before Your Theory Test

Traffic fines, speed limits, and the points system are heavily tested in the Brazilian CNH theory exam. Practice with real exam-style questions.

Start Practicing for Free
Key Rules

Important Driving Rules in Brazil

Drive on the Right

Brazil uses right-hand traffic. Overtake on the left. On multi-lane roads, use the right lane for slower traffic. On rodovias, keep right except when overtaking.

Lei Seca (Zero BAC)

Zero tolerance (0.00% BAC) for all drivers since 2012. Any detectable alcohol: R$2,934.70 fine + 12-month licence suspension. BAC ≥0.06%: criminal offence with up to 3 years detention. Refusing a breathalyser carries the same administrative penalty.

Mandatory Headlights on Rodovias

Headlights must be on at all times when driving on rodovias (highways outside urban areas), even during daylight. Medium infraction (R$130.16, 4 points). Applies to all vehicle types.

Points System (Pontuação)

Infractions add 3–7 points. Thresholds: 20 points (general drivers), 30 points (professional), 40 points (if no gravíssima) within 12 months triggers suspension. Points reset annually per Lei 14.071/2020.

Seatbelts & Child Restraints

Seatbelts mandatory for all occupants (front and rear). Children under 10 must use appropriate child restraints. Children under 1: rear-facing seat. 1–4 years: forward-facing seat. 4–7.5: booster. 7.5–10: rear seatbelt. Very serious infraction.

Rodizío (Licence Plate Rotation)

In São Paulo and some cities, vehicles are restricted from driving on certain days based on the last digit of their licence plate. Fines apply for violations. Check local rodizío rules when driving in major cities.

Phone Use Prohibited

Handheld phone use is prohibited while driving. Very serious infraction: R$293.47 fine + 7 points. Hands-free and Bluetooth are permitted. Applies even when stopped at traffic lights.

DPVAT Insurance (formerly)

Brazil had mandatory DPVAT insurance for all vehicles (covering accident victims). DPVAT was replaced by the SPVAT system in 2024. Vehicle owners must pay annual licensing fees (IPVA + licenciamento) to legally drive.

Speed Radar (Radar de Velocidade)

Brazil has one of the world’s densest networks of speed cameras. Fixed and mobile radars are widespread. No legal requirement to warn drivers (though some states post signs). Speed tolerance is 7 km/h for fixed radars.

Stay Safe

Common Road Hazards in Brazil

~33,000 road fatalities in 2023 — know these hazards to stay safe on Brazilian roads

Motorcycle Traffic

Motorcyclists (motoboys) are ubiquitous in cities, weaving between lanes. Motorcycle accidents account for ~33% of all road deaths. Extra caution when changing lanes in urban areas

Potholes and Road Conditions

Many roads, especially in rural areas and smaller cities, have significant potholes and poor maintenance. Sudden drops and uneven surfaces are common even on major rodovias

Heavy Rain and Flooding

Tropical and subtropical rains cause flash flooding, especially in January–March. Urban flooding (alagamentos) can submerge roads in minutes. Mountain roads prone to landslides

Truck Traffic on Rodovias

Heavy truck traffic on major highways (especially BR-101, BR-116, BR-153). Limited overtaking opportunities on single-carriageway highways lead to dangerous passing situations

Animals on Rural Roads

Livestock and wild animals crossing rural roads, especially at night. No fencing on many rodovias. Capybaras, horses, and cattle are common hazards in the interior

Urban Intersection Dangers

Many intersections lack traffic lights. ‘Round’ right-of-way rules can be confusing. Pedestrians crossing outside crosswalks is extremely common in all cities

All States

Brazil’s States & DETRAN Offices

Each of Brazil’s 26 states and the Federal District has its own DETRAN responsible for driving licence administration

Brazil’s major states with their DETRAN offices, capitals, and populations.
StateRegionCapitalPopulation
São PauloSudesteSão Paulo46.6M
Minas GeraisSudesteBelo Horizonte21.4M
Rio de JaneiroSudesteRio de Janeiro17.5M
BahiaNordesteSalvador14.9M
ParanáSulCuritiba11.6M
Rio Grande do SulSulPorto Alegre11.5M
PernambucoNordesteRecife9.7M
CearáNordesteFortaleza9.2M
ParáNorteBelém8.8M
Distrito FederalCentro-OesteBrasília3.1M
SU

São Paulo

São Paulo · 46.6M

SU

Minas Gerais

Belo Horizonte · 21.4M

SU

Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro · 17.5M

NO

Bahia

Salvador · 14.9M

SU

Paraná

Curitiba · 11.6M

SU

Rio Grande do Sul

Porto Alegre · 11.5M

NO

Pernambuco

Recife · 9.7M

NO

Ceará

Fortaleza · 9.2M

NO

Pará

Belém · 8.8M

CE

Distrito Federal

Brasília · 3.1M

Brazil has 26 states plus the Federal District (Distrito Federal). Each state has its own DETRAN (Departamento Estadual de Trânsito) with slightly different fees and procedures. CONTRAN sets national standards. Test content is standardized nationally but fees vary by state.

Emergency

Emergency Numbers

All toll-free, available 24/7. {number} is the military police emergency number.

190

Military Police (Polícia Militar)

192

SAMU Ambulance (Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência)

193

Fire Department (Corpo de Bombeiros)

191

Federal Highway Police (PRF)

197

Civil Police (Polícia Civil)

Myth vs Fact

Common Misconceptions About Driving in Brazil#

Myth: You can have ‘just one beer’ and still drive legally under Lei Seca

Fact: Brazil has absolute zero tolerance (0.00% BAC). Even one beer can trigger the breathalyser. Administrative penalty: R$2,934.70 fine + 12-month suspension. If BAC ≥0.06%, it becomes a criminal offence with up to 3 years detention. Over 750,000 drivers have been caught since Lei Seca’s implementation.

Myth: The theory test is easy and everyone passes on the first attempt

Fact: First-attempt pass rates vary by state but many candidates fail the theory test. The 30 questions cover 5 different topics including first aid and vehicle mechanics, which many candidates underestimate. Dedicated study of the official material for all five topic areas is essential.

Myth: You only need to worry about speed cameras on rodovias

Fact: Speed radars are extremely common in urban areas too. Brazil has one of the world’s densest networks of speed cameras. Many cities have cameras at every major intersection. School zones have strict 30 km/h limits with doubled fines. Mobile radars can appear anywhere.

Myth: International driving permits work indefinitely in Brazil

Fact: Foreign visitors can drive with an IDP for up to 180 days. After establishing residency, you must convert to a Brazilian CNH within 180 days. Some countries have reciprocity agreements. An IDP alone (without the original licence) is not valid. The IDP must be from a Geneva/Vienna Convention country.

Myth: The PPD (Provisional Permit) has the same rules as a definitive CNH

Fact: The PPD is far stricter. ANY serious or very serious infraction during the 1-year PPD period cancels the permit entirely, and you must restart the entire licensing process from scratch. Even a repeated light/medium infraction can trigger cancellation. Zero tolerance applies for the PPD period.

Myth: Licence renewal only requires paying a fee

Fact: Licence renewal requires a medical exam (exame médico) every time. Drivers over 65 also need a psychological exam. Professional drivers need both medical and psychological exams. You cannot just pay a fee — you must pass the health assessments to renew.

Timeline

Recent Changes to Brazilian Driving Laws#

Key regulatory updates affecting drivers in Brazil

2024

SPVAT replaces DPVAT insurance

The mandatory DPVAT traffic accident insurance (abolished in 2020) was replaced by SPVAT (Seguro Obrigatório para Proteção de Vítimas de Acidentes de Trânsito) in 2024, restoring mandatory accident victim coverage.

2021

Lei 14.071/2020 takes full effect

Major CTB reform: CNH validity extended to 10 years (under 50), point thresholds raised to 20/30/40, child restraint rules updated, digital CNH fully recognized, and penalty system modernized.

2020

Digital CNH (CNH-e) becomes standard

The digital CNH (CNH-e) via the Carteira Digital de Trânsito app became officially equivalent to the physical document. All DETRANs now issue digital licences alongside physical cards.

2018

Lei Seca strengthened again

Additional enforcement tools introduced. Passive breathalysers, clinical signs, and video evidence now sufficient to prove intoxication. Refusal to test carries same administrative penalty as positive result.

2016

SIMRAV vehicle tracking mandatory for certain fleets

CONTRAN Resolution 575/2016 required vehicle tracking for rental fleets and freight vehicles. Expanded electronic monitoring of the national vehicle fleet.

2012

Lei Seca zero-tolerance BAC enacted

Lei 12.760/2012 established zero tolerance (0.00% BAC) for all drivers, replacing the previous 0.06% limit. Criminal penalties for BAC ≥0.06% with up to 3 years detention. Credited with significant reduction in alcohol-related road deaths.

Global Context

How Brazil Compares Globally#

Brazil’s driving regulations compared to other countries — data compiled from official government sources

Comparison of driving regulations between Brazil, USA, Mexico, Argentina, and Portugal including BAC limits, minimum age, speed limits, licence costs, and road fatality statistics.
ParameterBrazilUSAMexicoArgentinaPortugal
BAC Limit0.00%0.08%0.08%0.05%0.05%
Min. Age (Car)1816181818
Driving SideRightRightRightRightRight
Highway Speed110~120110130120
Test Questions3020–50~20~3030
Licence CostR$1.5–3K$30–90~$40~$100€700–1.2K
Road Deaths/yr~33,00040,901~16,000~5,800560
Deaths/100K~15.412.2~12.5~12.4~5.6
BAC Limit0.00%

Strictest in the Americas — zero tolerance for all drivers. USA 0.08%, Mexico 0.08%, Argentina 0.05%, Portugal 0.05%.

Min. Age (Car)18 years

Same as Mexico and Argentina. USA allows from 16, Portugal from 18.

Highway Speed110 km/h

Lower than many countries. USA ~120 (varies), Mexico 110, Argentina 130, Portugal 120 km/h.

Licence CostR$1,500–3K

Moderate globally. USA $30–90, Mexico ~$40, Argentina ~$100, Portugal €700–1,200.

Road Deaths~33,000/yr

~15.4 per 100K — higher than USA (12.2), Argentina (12.4), Portugal (5.6). 3rd highest total globally.

Road deaths: Brazil ~33,000 (DATASUS 2023), USA 40,901 (NHTSA 2023), Mexico ~16,000 (INEGI 2022), Argentina ~5,800 (ANSV 2023), Portugal 560 (ANSR 2023). Per-capita rates: Brazil ~15.4, USA 12.2, Mexico ~12.5, Argentina ~12.4, Portugal ~5.6 per 100K.

Fact-Checked

Sources & Methodology

Primary Sources

  • Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB) — Lei 9.503/1997 — Congresso Nacional do Brasil
  • Lei 12.760/2012 (Lei Seca) — Zero BAC — Presidência da República
  • Lei 14.071/2020 — CTB Reform — Congresso Nacional do Brasil
  • DATASUS — Mortality Information System (SIM) — Ministério da Saúde
  • WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety — World Health Organization
  • CONTRAN — Conselho Nacional de Trânsito — Ministério dos Transportes

Verification Methodology

Every fact on this page has been cross-referenced against at least two authoritative sources. Our process:

  1. Primary data collected from Brazilian legislation (CTB, Lei Seca, Lei 14.071/2020)
  2. Cross-verified against CONTRAN resolutions, DATASUS statistics, and WHO reports
  3. Regional fee variations noted where applicable (prices differ by state DETRAN)
  4. Page reviewed and fact-checked on March 27, 2026

If you find an error, please contact us so we can correct it immediately.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does a CNH cost in Brazil?
Total cost is typically R$1,500–3,000, including autoescola training (R$800–1,500), medical exam (R$100–250), psychological exam (R$100–250), DETRAN exam fees (R$180–500 for theory + practical), and licence issuance (R$80–200). Prices vary significantly by state. São Paulo tends to be most expensive.
What is the Brazilian theory test format?
The theory test has 30 multiple-choice questions covering five topics: traffic legislation (CTB), defensive driving, first aid, environment/citizenship, and basic mechanics. You need 21/30 correct (70%) to pass. The test is computer-based at DETRAN offices. You must complete 45 hours of theory classes at an accredited autoescola before taking the exam.
What is the blood alcohol limit in Brazil?
Brazil has zero tolerance (0.00% BAC) under the Lei Seca since 2012. Any detectable alcohol: R$2,934.70 fine + 12-month licence suspension. BAC ≥0.06% (or equivalent 0.3 mg/L breath): criminal charge with 6–36 months detention + licence ban. Refusing a breathalyser carries the same administrative penalty.
What are the speed limits in Brazil?
Urban: local roads 30 km/h, collector 40 km/h, arterial 60 km/h, urban expressways 80 km/h. Rural: single carriageway 60–100 km/h (depends on vehicle), dual carriageway up to 110 km/h for cars. Heavy vehicles have lower limits on rodovias. Speed cameras are extremely common.
What are the emergency numbers in Brazil?
190 — Military Police (Polícia Militar). 192 — SAMU Ambulance. 193 — Fire Department (Corpo de Bombeiros). 191 — Federal Highway Police (PRF). 197 — Civil Police. All toll-free, 24/7.
Can foreigners drive in Brazil?
Foreign visitors can drive with an International Driving Permit (IDP) or a foreign licence (from a Vienna/Geneva Convention country) for up to 180 days. After establishing residency, you must obtain a Brazilian CNH within 180 days. Some countries (e.g., Portugal, Italy, Japan) have reciprocity agreements for simplified conversion.
What is the PPD (Provisional Driving Permit)?
The PPD is a provisional licence valid for 1 year after passing all exams. During this period, any serious or very serious infraction cancels the PPD, and you must restart the entire process. Even a repeated light/medium infraction can cancel it. After a clean year, you receive the definitive CNH.
How does the points system work in Brazil?
Infractions add points: light (3), medium (4), serious (5), very serious (7). Thresholds per 12-month period: 20 points (general), 30 points (professional drivers), or 40 points (if no gravíssima infractions). Reaching the threshold triggers licence suspension. Points reset each 12-month cycle per Lei 14.071/2020.
How long is a Brazilian CNH valid?
Under 50 years: 10 years (extended from 5 by Lei 14.071/2020). Age 50–69: 5 years. Age 70+: 3 years. Professional (remunerated) drivers: 5 years regardless of age. Renewal requires a medical exam; drivers over 65 or professional drivers also need a psychological exam.
What documents must I carry while driving in Brazil?
You must carry: CNH (physical or digital CNH-e), CRLV (vehicle registration and licensing certificate), and proof of current licensing. You do not need to carry the IPVA receipt separately if the CRLV is current. Failure to produce CNH: very serious infraction (R$880.41 fine). Digital CNH via app is legally equivalent.
What is the rodizío vehicle restriction in São Paulo?
The rodizío municipal restricts vehicles from driving in central São Paulo on certain weekdays based on the last digit of the licence plate. It operates 7:00–10:00 and 17:00–20:00 on weekdays. Fine: R$130.16. Other cities (e.g., Bogotá-style systems) may have similar restrictions. Visitors should check local rules.
Are child safety seats required in Brazil?
Yes, strictly enforced. Under 1 year: rear-facing infant seat. 1–4 years: forward-facing child seat. 4–7.5 years: booster seat. 7.5–10 years: rear seat with seatbelt. Children under 10 cannot ride in the front seat. Very serious infraction: R$293.47 fine + 7 points.
How does the digital CNH (CNH-e) work?
The digital CNH is available through the Carteira Digital de Trânsito app (iOS/Android). It is legally equivalent to the physical card. Features QR code verification, biometric security, and is accepted by all law enforcement. Available to all CNH holders through their state DETRAN.
Is it true that headlights must be on during the day in Brazil?
Yes, on rodovias (highways outside urban areas). Daytime running lights or low-beam headlights must be on at all times when driving on any rodovia, regardless of visibility conditions. Failure to comply is a medium infraction (R$130.16, 4 points). In urban areas, headlights are only required at night or in poor visibility.
What is the minimum driving age in Brazil?
18 years for all CNH categories (A through E). There is no graduated licensing for younger drivers. For the ACC (moped authorization), the minimum age is 18 as well. Category upgrades require time with the previous category: C requires 1 year with B, D requires 2 years with B, E requires 1 year with C or D.

Cite This Page

Use the following citations when referencing this article in academic papers, journalism, or reports.

APA 7th Edition

AutoviaTest. (2026, March 27). Brazil driving licence facts 2026 — CNH test, fees, fines & rules. https://autoviatest.com/en/driving-test/brazil/facts

MLA 9th Edition

AutoviaTest. "Brazil Driving Licence Facts 2026 — CNH Test, Fees, Fines & Rules." AutoviaTest, 27 Mar. 2026, autoviatest.com/en/driving-test/brazil/facts.

Chicago 17th Edition

AutoviaTest. "Brazil Driving Licence Facts 2026 — CNH Test, Fees, Fines & Rules." Last modified March 27, 2026. https://autoviatest.com/en/driving-test/brazil/facts.

Ready to Pass Your Brazilian CNH Test?

Practice with official theory questions covering all five mandatory topics — traffic legislation, defensive driving, first aid, environment, and mechanics. Detailed explanations and AI driving coach included.

Start Free PracticeBrazil Practice Tests

More Country Driving Guides

🇺🇸

USA Driving Licence Facts & DMV Guide

DMV test format, fees, speed limits, traffic fines, state-wise information, and everything about driving in the United States.

🇵🇹

Portugal Driving Licence 2026 — The Complete Guide

IMT theory test, driving school costs, speed limits, traffic fines, and the points system.

🇲🇽

Mexico Driving Licence 2026 — The Complete Guide

State-by-state test format, driving costs, speed limits, and traffic rules.

🇦🇷

Argentina Driving Licence 2026 — The Complete Guide

Theory test format, driving school costs, speed limits, fines, and the scoring system.

PP

Pawan Priyadarshi

Founder & Chief Engineer

Last updated: March 27, 2026Reviewed by Pawan Priyadarshi

Data sourced from Brazilian legislation (CTB, Lei Seca, Lei 14.071/2020), CONTRAN resolutions, DATASUS, and WHO. Cross-referenced with multiple authoritative sources for accuracy.

Press Inquiries & Corrections

Journalists, researchers, and educators are welcome to cite this page. If you spot an error, please let us know so we can correct it immediately.

contact@autoviatest.com
LAutoviaTest

Your global partner for driving test preparation. Pass your test with confidence.

Follow us on YouTubeFollow us on InstagramFollow us on TikTok

Learning Resources

  • Practice Quiz
  • Lessons
  • Practice Tests
  • Pricing
  • Blog

For Schools

  • For Driving Schools
  • School Login
  • Get in Touch

Resources

  • Driving Test
  • Test Guides
  • Road Safety
  • Road Safety for Business
  • Road Safety Certification Protocol (RSCP)
  • Road Signs
  • FAQ
  • International Driving Guide
  • Driving in Europe
  • Driving in United States
  • India Driving Facts
  • Expat License Guide
  • Traffic Law Reports
  • Driving Schools
  • 2026 Rule Changes

License Types

  • Car License (B)
  • Motorcycle License (A)
  • Truck License (C)
  • Bus License (D)
  • Moped License (AM)
  • View All License Types →

City Guides

  • Barcelona
  • Paris
  • Rome
  • London
  • Bangkok
  • Tokyo
  • View All City Guides →

Popular Cities

  • Madrid
  • Barcelona
  • Paris
  • Berlin
  • Rome
  • London
  • View All Cities →

Hazard Perception

  • Spain
  • France
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Portugal
  • United Kingdom
  • Poland
  • Switzerland
  • Denmark
  • Sweden

Legal

  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • Cookie Policy
  • Editorial Guidelines
  • Contact Us

Wellness

  • Reduce your stress, nervousness and anxiety with Manifested

AutoviaTest is an independent educational platform. Our content is based on official driving regulations and verified against government sources in each country. Practice materials are designed to help you prepare for your official driving test. For the most current requirements, always check with your local driving authority.

© 2026 AutoviaTest. All rights reserved.