Brazilian Driving Licence 2026
The Complete Guide
Everything you need to know about getting your CNH in Brazil — DETRAN theory test format (30 questions, 21 to pass, 70%), autoescola training costs R$1,500–3,000, Lei Seca zero BAC tolerance, speed limits, points system, and driving across 26 states + DF.
~33,000
Road deaths in Brazil (2023)
Down from 46,000+ in 2012 — still among the world’s highest totals
0.00%
Blood alcohol limit — Lei Seca (zero tolerance)
Any detectable alcohol results in fines starting at R$2,934.70
R$1,500–3,000
Autoescola (driving school) total cost
Includes theory course, practical lessons, and exam fees
Click any card to copy the stat with source attribution
Download InfographicKey Findings
30 multiple-choice questions drawn from an official question bank, covering traffic legislation, defensive driving, first aid, environment, and mechanics. Must score at least 21/30 (70%) to pass. Computer-based test administered at DETRAN offices across all 26 states and DF.
Total CNH cost typically R$1,500–3,000 including autoescola enrolment (R$800–1,500), medical exam (R$100–250), psychological exam (R$100–250), DETRAN theory exam fee (R$80–200), practical exam fee (R$100–300), and licence issuance (R$80–200). Varies significantly by state.
Approximately 33,000 fatalities in 2023, down from 46,000+ at the peak in 2012. Motorcyclists account for ~33% and pedestrians ~20% of all deaths. Brazil has the 3rd highest road death toll globally after India and China.
Zero tolerance (0.00% BAC) since 2012 under the Lei Seca (Dry Law). Any detectable alcohol: R$2,934.70 fine + 12-month licence suspension. BAC ≥0.06% (or refusal to test): criminal charge with 6–36 months detention + licence suspension. Over 750,000 drivers caught since implementation.
Drivers accumulate points for infractions: light (3 pts), medium (4 pts), serious (5 pts), very serious (7 pts). Thresholds: 20 points (general), 30 points (professional), or 40 points (no very serious infractions) within 12 months triggers licence suspension. Points reset annually.
Brazil’s road death rate (~15.4/100K) is well above the global average. Zero BAC policy is among the strictest globally. CNH cost (~$300–600 USD) is moderate by world standards. The 2020 reform (Lei 14.071) raised point thresholds and extended licence validity to 10 years for drivers under 50.
Brazil Road Safety: 3-Year Trend (2021–2023)
Brazil’s road fatalities have declined significantly from their 2012 peak of over 46,000 deaths, driven by the Lei Seca enforcement, improved vehicle safety standards, and the Programa Vida no Trânsito. However, at ~33,000 deaths annually, Brazil still ranks among the top 5 countries globally for road fatalities. Motorcycle deaths have been rising as a proportion of total deaths.
Deaths per 100,000 Population
Source: WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety, DATASUS / Brazilian Ministry of Health. Per-capita rates are estimates and may vary by methodology.
Brazilian Theory Test Format#
Computer-based theory test administered at DETRAN offices across all 26 states and the Federal District
The Brazilian driving theory test (prova teórica) consists of 30 multiple-choice questions to be completed in a timed session. To pass, candidates must answer at least 21 of 30 correctly (70%). The questions cover five mandatory topics: traffic legislation (CTB), defensive driving (direção defensiva), first aid (primeiros socorros), environment and citizenship (meio ambiente e cidadania), and basic vehicle mechanics (mecânica básica). The test is administered at DETRAN offices in all 26 states and the Federal District, with some states offering online scheduling. After passing the theory, candidates proceed to the practical driving test (prova prática).
Questions
30 MCQs
From official question bank
Duration
~40 Min
Timed session
Pass Mark
21/30
70% minimum
Test Fee
R$80–200
Varies by state DETRAN
What the Theory Test Covers
- Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (Brazilian Traffic Code)
- Traffic signs, signals & road markings
- Right-of-way rules at intersections
- Speed limits by road type
- Penalties and infraction categories
- Defensive driving techniques (direção defensiva)
- First aid basics (primeiros socorros)
- Emergency procedures at accident scenes
- Seatbelt and child restraint requirements
- Safe following distances and overtaking
- Environmental impact of vehicles
- Fuel efficiency and emissions
- Basic vehicle maintenance and mechanics
- Tyre condition and brake systems
- Pre-departure vehicle checks
Enrol at an Autoescola
Register at a DETRAN-accredited driving school (autoescola / centro de formação de condutores — CFC)
The autoescola provides mandatory theory classes (45 hours minimum) and practical driving lessons (20 hours minimum for category B). Cost: R$800–1,500 for the full package.
Medical & Psychological Exams
Pass mandatory medical (exame médico) and psychological (exame psicológico) evaluations
Conducted by DETRAN-accredited clinics. Medical: vision, general health. Psychological: aptitude assessment. Cost: R$100–250 each. Required before taking the theory test.
Complete Theory Course (45h)
Attend all required theory classes at the autoescola
45 hours covering: traffic legislation (18h), defensive driving (16h), first aid (4h), environment (4h), mechanics (3h). Some states allow EAD (online) for part of the theory.
Pass the Theory Test
Take the computer-based theory exam at DETRAN
30 questions, need 21/30 correct (70%). Covers all five mandatory topics. Fee: R$80–200 depending on state. Can retake if failed.
Complete Practical Lessons (20h+)
Take at least 20 hours of practical driving lessons at the autoescola
Minimum 20 hours for category B. Includes 5 hours of night driving. Must be completed at a DETRAN-accredited CFC with a dual-control vehicle.
Pass the Practical Test
Complete the practical driving exam (prova prática) at a DETRAN test route
Tested on: starting on a hill, parallel parking, three-point turn, lane changes, and real traffic driving. Exam fee: R$100–300 depending on state.
Receive PPD, then CNH
Get your Provisional Driving Permit (PPD), and after 1 year receive your definitive CNH
PPD is valid for 1 year. If no serious/very serious infractions during PPD period, you receive the definitive CNH. Issuance fee: R$80–200.
Brazilian CNH Fees#
Total cost typically R$1,500–3,000 — varies significantly by state and autoescola
Prices vary significantly between states. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro tend to be more expensive. DETRAN fees are set by each state. Retake fees apply for failed exams. Some autoescolas offer package deals including all exams and fees.
Licence Categories & Minimum Age
ACC — Autorização para Conduzir Ciclomotor (mopeds up to 50cc)
Separate authorization, not a CNH category
18
years
A — Motorcycles, trikes, and motor scooters
18
years
B — Cars up to 8 passengers, trucks under 3,500 kg
Most common category
18
years
C — Trucks and cargo vehicles over 3,500 kg
Requires 1 year with cat. B
21
years
D — Buses and minibuses (8+ passengers)
Requires 2 years with cat. B or 1 year with cat. C
21
years
E — Articulated vehicles, trailers, truck-trailer combos
Requires 1 year with cat. C or D
21
years
CNH Validity Periods
Extended from 5 years by Lei 14.071/2020
Standard renewal period
Medical exam required at each renewal
Regardless of age, if engaged in paid driving
Points System (Sistema de Pontuação)
- Light infraction (infração leve): 3 points
- Medium infraction (infração média): 4 points
- Serious infraction (infração grave): 5 points
- Very serious infraction (infração gravíssima): 7 points
- Thresholds: 20 pts (general) / 30 pts (professional) / 40 pts (no gravíssima) → licence suspended
PPD (Provisional Driving Permit)
- PPD valid for 1 year after passing all exams
- Zero tolerance: any serious/very serious infraction = PPD cancelled
- Must not commit a repeat infraction (even light/medium)
- After clean PPD period, receive definitive CNH
- If PPD cancelled, must restart the entire licensing process
Speed Limits in Brazil#
As per Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB) Art. 61 — all speeds in km/h
Brazil’s speed limits are set by the CTB and apply nationally, though local authorities may post different limits. In urban areas (vias urbanas), the default limit for local roads is 30 km/h, collector roads 40 km/h, arterial roads 60 km/h, and expressways (vias de trânsito rápido) 80 km/h. On rural highways (rodovias), the default for single carriageways is 60 km/h for cars and 80–100 km/h depending on the road. Divided highways (rodovias de pista dupla) allow up to 110 km/h for cars. Speed enforcement via fixed and mobile radar (radar de velocidade) is widespread.
| Road Type | Cars / Light Vehicles | Motorcycles | Trucks / Buses | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban — local road (via local) | 30 | 30 | 30 | Residential/local streets |
| Urban — arterial (via arterial) | 60 | 60 | 60 | Major city roads |
| Urban — expressway (via rápida) | 80 | 80 | 80 | Urban motorways |
| Rural — single carriageway (pista simples) | 80–100 | 80–100 | 60–80 | Undivided highways |
| Rural — dual carriageway (pista dupla) | 110 | 110 | 80–90 | Divided highways |
Urban — local road (via local)
30
Cars
30
Motos
30
Heavy
Residential/local streets
Urban — arterial (via arterial)
60
Cars
60
Motos
60
Heavy
Major city roads
Urban — expressway (via rápida)
80
Cars
80
Motos
80
Heavy
Urban motorways
Rural — single carriageway (pista simples)
80–100
Cars
80–100
Motos
60–80
Heavy
Undivided highways
Rural — dual carriageway (pista dupla)
110
Cars
110
Motos
80–90
Heavy
Divided highways
Speed limits shown are CTB defaults. Local traffic authorities (DETRAN / órgão de trânsito) may post different limits. Speed radar enforcement is widespread. Speeding fines start at R$130.16 (up to 20% over limit) and reach R$880.41 (50%+ over limit, very serious infraction with licence suspension).
Traffic Fines & Penalties#
As per Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB) — fines updated to current values
Brazilian traffic fines are categorized by severity: light (leve, R$88.38), medium (média, R$130.16), serious (grave, R$195.23), and very serious (gravíssima, R$293.47). Some very serious infractions carry multiplying factors (2x, 3x, 5x, 10x, or even 20x). The Lei Seca zero-alcohol violation carries a R$2,934.70 fine (10x gravíssima). Speeding over 50% above the limit is R$880.41 (3x gravíssima) with licence suspension. All fines are adjusted annually.
| Violation | Fine (R$) | Severity | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drunk driving (Lei Seca — any BAC) | R$2,934.70 | Gravíssima 10x | Suspended |
| Running red light | R$293.47 | Gravíssima | 7 |
| Speeding 20–50% over limit | R$195.23 | Grave | 5 |
| Speeding >50% over limit | R$880.41 | Gravíssima 3x | 7 + Suspended |
| Using phone while driving | R$293.47 | Gravíssima | 7 |
| Not wearing seatbelt | R$195.23 | Grave | 5 |
| Driving without CNH | R$880.41 | Gravíssima 3x | — |
| Overtaking on continuous line | R$293.47 | Gravíssima | 7 |
| Child without proper restraint | R$293.47 | Gravíssima | 7 |
| No headlights on rodovia | R$130.16 | Média | 4 |
| Parking in disabled spot without permit | R$293.47 | Gravíssima | 7 |
| Refusing alcohol test (Lei Seca) | R$2,934.70 | Gravíssima 10x | Suspended |
Drunk driving (Lei Seca — any BAC)
Points: Suspended
Running red light
Points: 7
Speeding 20–50% over limit
Points: 5
Speeding >50% over limit
Points: 7 + Suspended
Using phone while driving
Points: 7
Not wearing seatbelt
Points: 5
Driving without CNH
Points: —
Overtaking on continuous line
Points: 7
Child without proper restraint
Points: 7
No headlights on rodovia
Points: 4
Parking in disabled spot without permit
Points: 7
Refusing alcohol test (Lei Seca)
Points: Suspended
Fines shown are base values from the CTB, adjusted annually. Multiplying factors apply for certain very serious infractions. Lei Seca violations also result in 12-month licence suspension. Professional drivers face additional penalties. Fines double if committed in school zones.
Know These Rules Before Your Theory Test
Traffic fines, speed limits, and the points system are heavily tested in the Brazilian CNH theory exam. Practice with real exam-style questions.
Start Practicing for FreeImportant Driving Rules in Brazil
Drive on the Right
Brazil uses right-hand traffic. Overtake on the left. On multi-lane roads, use the right lane for slower traffic. On rodovias, keep right except when overtaking.
Lei Seca (Zero BAC)
Zero tolerance (0.00% BAC) for all drivers since 2012. Any detectable alcohol: R$2,934.70 fine + 12-month licence suspension. BAC ≥0.06%: criminal offence with up to 3 years detention. Refusing a breathalyser carries the same administrative penalty.
Mandatory Headlights on Rodovias
Headlights must be on at all times when driving on rodovias (highways outside urban areas), even during daylight. Medium infraction (R$130.16, 4 points). Applies to all vehicle types.
Points System (Pontuação)
Infractions add 3–7 points. Thresholds: 20 points (general drivers), 30 points (professional), 40 points (if no gravíssima) within 12 months triggers suspension. Points reset annually per Lei 14.071/2020.
Seatbelts & Child Restraints
Seatbelts mandatory for all occupants (front and rear). Children under 10 must use appropriate child restraints. Children under 1: rear-facing seat. 1–4 years: forward-facing seat. 4–7.5: booster. 7.5–10: rear seatbelt. Very serious infraction.
Rodizío (Licence Plate Rotation)
In São Paulo and some cities, vehicles are restricted from driving on certain days based on the last digit of their licence plate. Fines apply for violations. Check local rodizío rules when driving in major cities.
Phone Use Prohibited
Handheld phone use is prohibited while driving. Very serious infraction: R$293.47 fine + 7 points. Hands-free and Bluetooth are permitted. Applies even when stopped at traffic lights.
DPVAT Insurance (formerly)
Brazil had mandatory DPVAT insurance for all vehicles (covering accident victims). DPVAT was replaced by the SPVAT system in 2024. Vehicle owners must pay annual licensing fees (IPVA + licenciamento) to legally drive.
Speed Radar (Radar de Velocidade)
Brazil has one of the world’s densest networks of speed cameras. Fixed and mobile radars are widespread. No legal requirement to warn drivers (though some states post signs). Speed tolerance is 7 km/h for fixed radars.
Common Road Hazards in Brazil
~33,000 road fatalities in 2023 — know these hazards to stay safe on Brazilian roads
Motorcycle Traffic
Motorcyclists (motoboys) are ubiquitous in cities, weaving between lanes. Motorcycle accidents account for ~33% of all road deaths. Extra caution when changing lanes in urban areas
Potholes and Road Conditions
Many roads, especially in rural areas and smaller cities, have significant potholes and poor maintenance. Sudden drops and uneven surfaces are common even on major rodovias
Heavy Rain and Flooding
Tropical and subtropical rains cause flash flooding, especially in January–March. Urban flooding (alagamentos) can submerge roads in minutes. Mountain roads prone to landslides
Truck Traffic on Rodovias
Heavy truck traffic on major highways (especially BR-101, BR-116, BR-153). Limited overtaking opportunities on single-carriageway highways lead to dangerous passing situations
Animals on Rural Roads
Livestock and wild animals crossing rural roads, especially at night. No fencing on many rodovias. Capybaras, horses, and cattle are common hazards in the interior
Urban Intersection Dangers
Many intersections lack traffic lights. ‘Round’ right-of-way rules can be confusing. Pedestrians crossing outside crosswalks is extremely common in all cities
Brazil’s States & DETRAN Offices
Each of Brazil’s 26 states and the Federal District has its own DETRAN responsible for driving licence administration
| State | Region | Capital | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| São Paulo | Sudeste | São Paulo | 46.6M |
| Minas Gerais | Sudeste | Belo Horizonte | 21.4M |
| Rio de Janeiro | Sudeste | Rio de Janeiro | 17.5M |
| Bahia | Nordeste | Salvador | 14.9M |
| Paraná | Sul | Curitiba | 11.6M |
| Rio Grande do Sul | Sul | Porto Alegre | 11.5M |
| Pernambuco | Nordeste | Recife | 9.7M |
| Ceará | Nordeste | Fortaleza | 9.2M |
| Pará | Norte | Belém | 8.8M |
| Distrito Federal | Centro-Oeste | Brasília | 3.1M |
São Paulo
São Paulo · 46.6M
Minas Gerais
Belo Horizonte · 21.4M
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro · 17.5M
Bahia
Salvador · 14.9M
Paraná
Curitiba · 11.6M
Rio Grande do Sul
Porto Alegre · 11.5M
Pernambuco
Recife · 9.7M
Ceará
Fortaleza · 9.2M
Pará
Belém · 8.8M
Distrito Federal
Brasília · 3.1M
Brazil has 26 states plus the Federal District (Distrito Federal). Each state has its own DETRAN (Departamento Estadual de Trânsito) with slightly different fees and procedures. CONTRAN sets national standards. Test content is standardized nationally but fees vary by state.
Emergency Numbers
All toll-free, available 24/7. {number} is the military police emergency number.
190
Military Police (Polícia Militar)
192
SAMU Ambulance (Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência)
193
Fire Department (Corpo de Bombeiros)
191
Federal Highway Police (PRF)
197
Civil Police (Polícia Civil)
Common Misconceptions About Driving in Brazil#
Myth: You can have ‘just one beer’ and still drive legally under Lei Seca
Fact: Brazil has absolute zero tolerance (0.00% BAC). Even one beer can trigger the breathalyser. Administrative penalty: R$2,934.70 fine + 12-month suspension. If BAC ≥0.06%, it becomes a criminal offence with up to 3 years detention. Over 750,000 drivers have been caught since Lei Seca’s implementation.
Myth: The theory test is easy and everyone passes on the first attempt
Fact: First-attempt pass rates vary by state but many candidates fail the theory test. The 30 questions cover 5 different topics including first aid and vehicle mechanics, which many candidates underestimate. Dedicated study of the official material for all five topic areas is essential.
Myth: You only need to worry about speed cameras on rodovias
Fact: Speed radars are extremely common in urban areas too. Brazil has one of the world’s densest networks of speed cameras. Many cities have cameras at every major intersection. School zones have strict 30 km/h limits with doubled fines. Mobile radars can appear anywhere.
Myth: International driving permits work indefinitely in Brazil
Fact: Foreign visitors can drive with an IDP for up to 180 days. After establishing residency, you must convert to a Brazilian CNH within 180 days. Some countries have reciprocity agreements. An IDP alone (without the original licence) is not valid. The IDP must be from a Geneva/Vienna Convention country.
Myth: The PPD (Provisional Permit) has the same rules as a definitive CNH
Fact: The PPD is far stricter. ANY serious or very serious infraction during the 1-year PPD period cancels the permit entirely, and you must restart the entire licensing process from scratch. Even a repeated light/medium infraction can trigger cancellation. Zero tolerance applies for the PPD period.
Myth: Licence renewal only requires paying a fee
Fact: Licence renewal requires a medical exam (exame médico) every time. Drivers over 65 also need a psychological exam. Professional drivers need both medical and psychological exams. You cannot just pay a fee — you must pass the health assessments to renew.
SPVAT replaces DPVAT insurance
The mandatory DPVAT traffic accident insurance (abolished in 2020) was replaced by SPVAT (Seguro Obrigatório para Proteção de Vítimas de Acidentes de Trânsito) in 2024, restoring mandatory accident victim coverage.
Lei 14.071/2020 takes full effect
Major CTB reform: CNH validity extended to 10 years (under 50), point thresholds raised to 20/30/40, child restraint rules updated, digital CNH fully recognized, and penalty system modernized.
Digital CNH (CNH-e) becomes standard
The digital CNH (CNH-e) via the Carteira Digital de Trânsito app became officially equivalent to the physical document. All DETRANs now issue digital licences alongside physical cards.
Lei Seca strengthened again
Additional enforcement tools introduced. Passive breathalysers, clinical signs, and video evidence now sufficient to prove intoxication. Refusal to test carries same administrative penalty as positive result.
SIMRAV vehicle tracking mandatory for certain fleets
CONTRAN Resolution 575/2016 required vehicle tracking for rental fleets and freight vehicles. Expanded electronic monitoring of the national vehicle fleet.
Lei Seca zero-tolerance BAC enacted
Lei 12.760/2012 established zero tolerance (0.00% BAC) for all drivers, replacing the previous 0.06% limit. Criminal penalties for BAC ≥0.06% with up to 3 years detention. Credited with significant reduction in alcohol-related road deaths.
How Brazil Compares Globally#
Brazil’s driving regulations compared to other countries — data compiled from official government sources
| Parameter | Brazil | USA | Mexico | Argentina | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BAC Limit | 0.00% | 0.08% | 0.08% | 0.05% | 0.05% |
| Min. Age (Car) | 18 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Driving Side | Right | Right | Right | Right | Right |
| Highway Speed | 110 | ~120 | 110 | 130 | 120 |
| Test Questions | 30 | 20–50 | ~20 | ~30 | 30 |
| Licence Cost | R$1.5–3K | $30–90 | ~$40 | ~$100 | €700–1.2K |
| Road Deaths/yr | ~33,000 | 40,901 | ~16,000 | ~5,800 | 560 |
| Deaths/100K | ~15.4 | 12.2 | ~12.5 | ~12.4 | ~5.6 |
Strictest in the Americas — zero tolerance for all drivers. USA 0.08%, Mexico 0.08%, Argentina 0.05%, Portugal 0.05%.
Same as Mexico and Argentina. USA allows from 16, Portugal from 18.
Lower than many countries. USA ~120 (varies), Mexico 110, Argentina 130, Portugal 120 km/h.
Moderate globally. USA $30–90, Mexico ~$40, Argentina ~$100, Portugal €700–1,200.
~15.4 per 100K — higher than USA (12.2), Argentina (12.4), Portugal (5.6). 3rd highest total globally.
Road deaths: Brazil ~33,000 (DATASUS 2023), USA 40,901 (NHTSA 2023), Mexico ~16,000 (INEGI 2022), Argentina ~5,800 (ANSV 2023), Portugal 560 (ANSR 2023). Per-capita rates: Brazil ~15.4, USA 12.2, Mexico ~12.5, Argentina ~12.4, Portugal ~5.6 per 100K.
Sources & Methodology
Primary Sources
- Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB) — Lei 9.503/1997 — Congresso Nacional do Brasil
- Lei 12.760/2012 (Lei Seca) — Zero BAC — Presidência da República
- Lei 14.071/2020 — CTB Reform — Congresso Nacional do Brasil
- DATASUS — Mortality Information System (SIM) — Ministério da Saúde
- WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety — World Health Organization
- CONTRAN — Conselho Nacional de Trânsito — Ministério dos Transportes
Verification Methodology
Every fact on this page has been cross-referenced against at least two authoritative sources. Our process:
- Primary data collected from Brazilian legislation (CTB, Lei Seca, Lei 14.071/2020)
- Cross-verified against CONTRAN resolutions, DATASUS statistics, and WHO reports
- Regional fee variations noted where applicable (prices differ by state DETRAN)
- Page reviewed and fact-checked on March 27, 2026
If you find an error, please contact us so we can correct it immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does a CNH cost in Brazil?
What is the Brazilian theory test format?
What is the blood alcohol limit in Brazil?
What are the speed limits in Brazil?
What are the emergency numbers in Brazil?
Can foreigners drive in Brazil?
What is the PPD (Provisional Driving Permit)?
How does the points system work in Brazil?
How long is a Brazilian CNH valid?
What documents must I carry while driving in Brazil?
What is the rodizío vehicle restriction in São Paulo?
Are child safety seats required in Brazil?
How does the digital CNH (CNH-e) work?
Is it true that headlights must be on during the day in Brazil?
What is the minimum driving age in Brazil?
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Use the following citations when referencing this article in academic papers, journalism, or reports.
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Ready to Pass Your Brazilian CNH Test?
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Pawan Priyadarshi
Founder & Chief Engineer
Data sourced from Brazilian legislation (CTB, Lei Seca, Lei 14.071/2020), CONTRAN resolutions, DATASUS, and WHO. Cross-referenced with multiple authoritative sources for accuracy.
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